LACTANCIA MATERNA Y EL DESARROLLO DE ANOMALÍAS DENTOMAXILARES Y MALOCLUSIONES DURANTE LA INFANCIA: REVISIÓN NARRATIVA.
Autores/as
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Ignacia Aguayo Romero
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2140-8682
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Andrea Cárdenas Díaz
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1667-3069
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Resumen
Objetivo: analizar la influencia de la lactancia materna en el desarrollo de anomalías dentomaxilares y maloclusiones en la infancia. Método: se realizó una revisión híbrida sistemático-narrativa a partir de una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura científica en bases de datos internacionales (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Cochrane, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, PubMed, Epistemonikos, Biomed Central) y de la literatura gris proveniente de organismos oficiales. Se aplicaron la estrategia PICO y filtros de inclusión y exclusión predefinidos. De 659 fuentes identificadas, se seleccionaron 35 para el análisis final, con prioridad a revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis publicados en los últimos diez años. Resultados: los hallazgos mostraron que la lactancia materna exclusiva y prolongada actuó como factor protector frente a diversas maloclusiones, como la mordida abierta anterior, la mordida cruzada posterior y la maloclusión clase II. La duración inferior a 12 meses se asoció con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar maloclusiones, mientras que la lactancia exclusiva ≥ 6 meses redujo la probabilidad de alteraciones oclusales. No obstante, se observó heterogeneidad metodológica entre los estudios y discrepancias en torno a la duración óptima de la lactancia y sus efectos sobre la oclusión. Conclusiones: la lactancia materna exclusiva y prolongada cumple un rol fundamental en la prevención de maloclusiones y en la promoción del desarrollo craneofacial armónico. Se recomienda fortalecer su promoción en Atención Primaria de Salud mediante la consejería, los protocolos intersectoriales y la inclusión activa de odontólogos en los equipos de lactancia.
Palabras clave: atención primaria de la salud, lactancia materna, maloclusión, crecimiento y desarrollo.
Palabras clave:
Atención Primaria de la Salud , Lactancia materna , Maloclusión , Crecimiento y DesarrolloCitas
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