Suicidio e intentos de suicidio en los primeros 24 meses de pandemia por COVID-19 en Chile

Autores/as

Resumen

Introducción: el presente trabajo investiga la evolución de la mortalidad por suicidio e intentos de suicidio en Chile en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19. Objetivo: estudiar la evolución mensual de la mortalidad por suicidio y de los egresos hospitalarios asociados a lesiones auto infringidas en los primeros 24 meses de pandemia por COVID-19 en la población general y según sexo en Chile. Método: el estudio es de carácter cuantitativo, poblacional y retrospectivo. Se utilizaron datos del registro de mortalidad y estadísticas de egresos hospitalarios del Ministerio de Salud. Se calculó tasas mensuales de muertes por suicidio y lesiones auto infringidas desde marzo del 2015 a febrero del 2020; tasas mensuales de suicidios desde marzo del 2020 a febrero 2022 y de lesiones auto infringidas por egresos hospitalarios desde marzo 2020 a diciembre 2021. Se calculó un IC de 95% a partir de las tasas esperadas y se comparó con las tasas observadas. Resultados: hubo una disminución significativa de las tasas de mortalidad por suicidio, en particular del sexo masculino, que retoman su nivel prepandémico al final del período. Los intentos de suicidio bajan el primer año y tienen un aumento significativo el segundo año, en especial en población femenina. Conclusión: las tasas de mortalidad por suicidio y de intentos de suicidio evolucionaron diferente a lo observado en otros países. Hubo diferencias por sexo en ambos indicadores. Los hallazgos son relevantes en Salud Pública y para la Atención Primaria de Salud.

Palabras clave:

COVID-19, pandemia, suicidio, intentos de suicidio, sexo

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